George Orwells Writing techniques in Animal Farm :: Animal Farm Essays

George Orwells TechniquesDiscuss the ways in which Orwell effectively shows more or less of the aspects of communism and the events surrounding the Russian RevolutionThis essay will focus on the ways and techniques that George Orwell uses, to show the parallels between Russian Communism, and Animal Farm. It will exempt the importance of the single techniques, and the overall aim of the writer.The Book, Animal Farm, was written by George Orwell and was first published in 1945. As Orwell always wants to draw attention to a lie or faults in the system with his books, he concentrated on Russian Communism with this one, and although it sounds like a childish story at first, it is actually unspoilt from its bases to the finished story. By creating a smaller, compressed version of the USSR within a farm in England, Orwell shows how easily someone can grasp index finger by abusing the communist principles and shaping them to his liking and benefit. He also associated the animal charact ers within the story, with communist party members, peasants, workers and army. Everyone gets a job, that he or she has to do and everyone is everyones comrade. There are Stalin and Trotsky, represented by the two pigs Napoleon and Snowball, the politburo is represented by the pigs in genera,l the peasants are sheep that follow without their own opinion most things, and the pigeons for example are messengers. He uses extremely simple language, because he wanted to state his message about communism as clearly as accomplishable and with no chance of misunderstanding the text. For example The seven animal commandments are extremely simple language and easy to understand for everyone (animal and man or reader).1. whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes etcHe also uses this simple language, because he wants to make a clear statement that no one can manipulate. The normal reader would also unde rstand it, if it were a bit harder, but the press could then assortment it to their own liking and thats exactly what he didnt want. Only because the book is written in simple language, it doesnt mean its a childrens book. Its the same as with the little prince. Children can read it, and understand the funny story about animals, and adults can read it and understand the serious and horrible core of the story where no one has their own rights anymore, because everyone is equal.

Athens: The Acropolis and the Agora Essay -- History Historical Papers

Athens The Acropolis and the AgoModern day Athens has managed to maintain an ancient landscape.? The Acropolis and the Agora are ii major features of ancient Greece that have a home in this metropolitan city.? Both of these ancient sites preserve their power and mystery in a modern-day day world.According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, an agora is an open space in ancient Greek cities that served as both a meeting place and as an area for various civic activities (?Agora?).? The Agora of ancient Athens was rebuilt after the Persian Wars (490-449 BC) in response to a lengthy period of riches and peace in the city (ibid).? The area demonstrates an archaic type of agora architecture (ibid).? This means that the colonnades and other buildings do not appear to coordinate, thus, creating the general pattern of disorder (ibid).? The Agora contains three main architectural areas? the colonnades, the government buildings, and the sacred area.? These three parts of the Agora combine to f orm a space that functions for public, private, and spectral interests.? These functions can best be described by looking at a map of the ancient Agora of Athens (Quick Tour, Agora).? Publicly, the Agora served as a meeting place, market place, and a center for public activity.? The Agora once contained lush trees and fabulous fountains for public enjoyment (?Agora?).? These aesthetic elements combined to acquire an area that functioned as a public park and meeting space (ibid).? Athenians could engage in discussion, meet friends, or take their children to play in this desolate public area (?Athens?).? At the same time, the Agora created a public market for the sale of goods (?Agora?).? Two long stoas, or colonnade halls, once provided an area f... ...ns greatest treasures.? These architectural areas have provided insight into the culture, religion, and government of ancient Athens.? The Agora has become a symbol of civic space, and has influenced how modern architects aim publ ic areas.? It has also provided scholars with understanding of religious and cultural aspects of Greek life.? The Acropolis has served as symbol of the power of both Athens of religion in Greek life.? This expression has unlocked questions about art and architecture, and it continues to symbolize perfection.? Together, these ancient sites unlock the mysterious of ancient Athens.?Bibliographyhttp//search.eb.com/ebi/article?eu=294421http//search.eb.com/ebi/article?eu=4106.http//search.eb.com/ebi/article?eu=294750.http//www.lfc.edu/academics/greece/AcropTour.html. http//www.lfc.edu/academics/greece/AgoraTour.html.

lighthod Dark Heart of England Exposed in Conrads Heart of Darkness E

The Dark philia of England Exposed in Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness, depicts events in his personal life and how he came to believe that the European invasion of the African congo needed to end. Joseph Conrad had a boyhood fascination of maps and the blank spaces on the African continent. Therefore, when the opportunity was given to him to become the captain of a weakened steamship on the Congo River, he jumped at the chance. In addition to Conrads sense of adventure, he also had a curiosity of King Leopolds actions in the Belgium Congo and had a strong desire to witness firsthand the action taking place. After learning his assigned ship was undergoing repairs, he accompanied another confederacy on passenger ship assigned to bring back an ailing company agent, George Klein, who later died on the return rouse. These events provided the backdrop so to speak of Conrads novel, Heart of Darkness. The character of Kurtz was modeled after the company agent , George Klein. Although, Conrad never names the Congo or other significant landmarks, he later admits the book a snapshot of his trip in the African Congo. (Longman p2189). Heart of Darkness is written in the narrative frame and Conrad uses the character of Marlow to narrate his story of the darkness of the European colonialization. Marlow narrates his tell alongside a yawl to an anonymous crew. Joseph Conrad became more aware of King Leopolds policy within the Congo, causing millions of deaths of African natives because inhumane practices. He felt he could contact readers through depicting these horrors in his novel. From this viewpoint, Conrad goes on to build his novel of the around the theme of darkness compared to a mans raw(a) wi... ...ntiment of the time that the British were indeed parcel these natives by civilizing them to British standards. In conclusion, Joseph Conrad uses the theme of heart of darkness throughout his novel to portray the darkness within mankind. He describes how man has a natural aspiration for superiority and control. Conrad deliberately leaves the locations unnamed in an effort to show that the heart of this darkness can shift on its axis. (Longman p2189) As Marlow indicates, the journey up river has been a reverse journey as well, a journey back from Africa to the darkness that lies at the heart of an England that claims to be civilizing those whom it is merely conquering. (Longman p2189) Works Cited Damrosch, David, et al., ed. The Longman Anthology of British lit Vol. B. Compact ed. New York Longman - Addison Wesley Longman, 2000.

Brewing Change at Breckenridge Brewery Essay -- Case Study, Business M

Brewing Change at Breckenridge BreweryINTRODUCTIONBreckenridge Brewery is a craft brewer which was established by Richard Squire. Richard wrestleed his passion for brewing good al-Qaida made beer into a lucrative business. In 1989, he started his first Breckenridge Brewery and Pub at Breckenridge which has a production capacity of 3,000 barrels per year. During his first two age in business, he sold out the brewerys annual uttermost capacity. He opened a second brewery and brew pub in Denver in November 1992.By the end of 1994, even this brewery failed to satisfy the increased demand and plans were made for a new brewery which opened in May 1996 in Denver. This brewery had a maximum output of 60,000 barrels per year after expansion.In the mid 1990s, Breckenridge Brewery started expanding eastwards and their first brewpub outside Colorado opened in Buffalo, New York in declination 1995. Five other brewpubs were subsequently opened in other states. However, from its opening till 1 997, the brewpubs have not turned in a profit although the of import brewery was making money. Richard believes that his vision for the company, a two-tie departure concept with a top microbrewery producing fresh, quality beer and a chain of brewpubs, has potential. However, due to the more complex nature of running a restaurant, he believes that the company has yet to figure out how to run its restaurant business profitably.The company is now at the crossroads. Richard is in a dilemma as to whether to continue the brewpub business or to give it up and just concentrate just on brewing beer. He is also unsure about take in new leadership to help solve the company?s performance problems.THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTA firm?s external surround is divided into three major areas the general, industry and competitor environments. Below is an elaboration in further detail regarding the firm?s opportunities and threats in these three environments. Opportunities in the General EnvironmentThe Un ited States of America has a population of 260 million people. This is a big market with substantial purchasing power. As of 1997, Breckenridge Brewery has only grow eastwards and the west side of the country is relatively untouched. According to Exhibit 2 in the case study, there were only distributors in 32 states and that leaves a potential to sell to the other 19 states as w... ... a year. To cater to increased demand, the company can consider acquiring other breweries that are departure out of business and that will see substantial savings on capital investments.It will be advantageous for the company if they can project themselves as responsible corporate citizen and an environment friendly company. Social enrichment schemes, recycling schemes and educational funds can be initiated to cater to this cause and long term goal. determinationBreckenridge Brewery has a strong business in brewing beer. Due to the lack of professional management expertise and venturing into the wro ng business, the company has not been able to turn in a profit. It is important that the company try to resolve these problems as soon as possible. Only then, will the company get out of the red and hopefully, move on to a higher level.Works Cited1.Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2005), Strategic Management Competitiveness and globularisation, 6th Edition, Thompson & South-Western.2.Thompson and Strickland (2002), Strategic Management Concepts and Cases, 13th Edition, Chicago Irwin Publications.3.Yip, G.S (2003), Total Global Strategy, Prentice Hall.

Bushs Speech to the Nation: Regaining Confidence :: Essays Papers

scrubs Speech to the Nation Regaining ConfidenceOn September 11 2001, the American existences image of continental security was shattered in the form of terrorist hijacked passenger planes slamming first into the world trade center towers in New York and then the Pentagon in Washington DC. America prior to the incident had been a peaceful unsuspecting economic giant. Americans have known wars -- but for the past 136 years, they have been wars on conflicting soil, except for one Sunday in 1941 (Bush par.11). The week following the suicide jet liner attacks found Americans filled with anger, fear, and a missing sense of direction. The public was at a complete loss concerning why the tragic act occurred and the steps that were being taken to overcome it. Only nine days by and by the attack, the public got its answers in the form of a presidential saving given from the capitol building in Washington DC. On September 20 2001, President George W. Bushs speech regained the publics conf idence by speaking of arbitrator, public safety, and unity. The most predominant strategy Bush uses to gain civic confidence is letting the public know justice will be delivered Our grief has turned to anger, and anger to resolution. Whether we bring our enemies to justice, or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be done (par.5). This quote from Bush gives insight into why justice is an important topic for bringing America alive. Knowing the public is enraged and has revenge on its mind, Bush shows a like determination. In doing so, he reassures society that vengeance is on the right path.Bush makes the ultimate demands on the network of terrorist believed to be responsible, creating confidence from the publics desire for retribution close down immediately and permanently every terrorist training camp in Afghanistan, and hand over every terrorist, and every person in their support structure, to appropriate authorities. (Applause.) impart the United States full access to te rrorist training camps, so we can make sure they are no longer operating. These demands are not open to dialog or discussion(par.21).According to former FBI agent G. Gordon Liddy, these requests are successful at reassuring the public because unconditional surr destroyer is a convincing carriage to communicate to Americans that the President means business General U.S. Unconditional Surrender Grant received unconditional surrender from General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox Court House to end Americas bloodiest war. Such was never the goal in Vietnam or the Gulf War.

Jim Crow Laws :: essays research papers

&65279 Jim Crow LawsThe name for the Jim Crow Laws comes from a character in a poet-singer Show. TheMinstrel Show was one of the first forms of American entertainment, which started in 1843. They were performed by successors of black song and dance routine actors. The first MinstrelShow was started by a group of four men from Virginia, who all painted their faces black andperformed a small song and dance skit in a small theater in New York City. Thomas Dartmouthrice, a white actor, performed the Jim Crow Minstrel Show. Rice was inspired by an old black piece of music who sang and danced in Louisville, Kentucky (Clay, 1). The skit ended in the same chorusas the old black mans song which was Wheel about and turn about and do jis so, Ebry time Iwheel about I jump Jim Crow. Rices song and dance got him from Louisville to Cincinnati toPittsburgh to Philadelphia and then to New York City in 1832. Finally, Rice performed passim Europe, going to London and Dublin, where the Irish especiall y liked Ricesperformance (http//www.sims.berkely.edu/courses/is182/paint167.html). In the north, bondage was just about non existent, so blacks could be seen free in a lot ofcities in the north. In some cities even, blacks and whites lived together without a problem sosegregation was not seen completely throughout America. Before 1890, segregation was notseen in most of the south, which was where 80 percent of the black population lived (Massey, 17-20).Segregation actually started in the north, but when it moved into the south, it became ofttimes worse (Woodward, 17). It was thought that segregation came along with slavery, but therewere more reasons, like pure racial discrimination. Cities had ghettos where all of the blacks lived in acommunity, away from the whites. After slavery ended, the north did treat the blacks with morerespect, but not much more. In the north, slaves could not be separated from their families andthey could not be legally forced to work. crimson though th e blacks in the north were not slavesanymore, they were still treated poorly in some cases. Towards the end of the Civil War, thenorth was really showing their racism (Woodward, 21). Most hotels, motels and restaurantswould not let blacks inside, so shortly after the Civil Rights Act of 1875, the blacks tested theirrights on all sorts of public utilities. They did not, however, take advantage of these rights sothey would be assured to keep them. The south still treated blacks with disrespect.

Leadership Behavior and Conflict Management in Small Groups Essay

Small conferences of people with common interests often come together to exchange information, collaborate and cooperate in the hobbyhorse of a sh atomic number 18d remainder. These members stick out the duration and space to meet and sh atomic number 18 ideas through interaction and participation. When such groups face tough and insurmountable problems it helps to have a visionary loss attracter to help them cooperate and work together as a team (Forsyth, 2006). The study of downhearted groups helps us to understand basic clement behavior and how leading metamorphose groups and resolve conflicts (Hare, 1965).According to Forsyth, Donelson Leadership is the do by by which an individual guides others in their pursuits, often by organizing, directing, coordinating, supporting and motivating their efforts. The process of leadership has evolved basically from the need to be organized. We observe similar qualities in the flock of birds that fly across the sky and among the he rd of elephants deep in the jungles. scarcely with humans, leadership processes have become as varied and complex as the many research studies that have been conducted.The leadership process is reciprocal, when it is mutually influences the leader and the follower, transactional when both(prenominal) the leaders and pursual work together for common goals, transformational when leaders are able to inspire their followers into doing their best, cooperative when members select their leader voluntarily, adaptive when members are motivated to achieving group goals, trade union movement orientated when the leader focuses all the activities of the followers towards the achievement of group goals and birth oriented when the focus is on the interpersonal birth between group members. (Forsyth, 2006).While leadership processes are varied, the qualities found in leaders are also equally diverse. Though inborn personality traits are helpful in small group settings like being sociable, outg oing and expressive most leadership traits are acquired (Barrick &Mount 1991). Normally leaders bleed to be more than intelligent than their followers in small groups. But most groups find it difficult to handle leaders with very high intelligent abilities (C. A. Gibb, 1969). On the other hand it is very helpful if a leader is endowed with emotional intelligence and the ability to be flexible to suit the demands of a particular situation (Kenny &Zaccaro, 1983).Research studies have also shown that followers place undue importance to leaders who speak a lot more than necessary, as compared to leaders who are men of few words (Sorrentino & Boutillier, 1975). The intriguing phenomenon of effective leadership has disposed(p) rise to varying theories. Each of them has their related leadership preparedness program as well. According to Fiedlers Contingency Theory, a leaders effectiveness depends on the way he relates to hi followers and in his ability to control situations.Here he sp ecified three factors that influenced the leaders control the cohesiveness of the group, the concentration of source in the hands of the leader and whether group goals were structured or not. Using the Least Preferred Worker Scale (LPC), he rated people who were relationship oriented high and those who were projection oriented low on the LPC score. The Octants based on this show that the task oriented leaders are effective when situations are highly favorable and unfavorable and relationship oriented leaders are effective in moderate situations (Forsyth, 2006).Fiedler has taken into consideration the good and the bad leader-member relations, the structured and unstructured goals. But groups goals are sometimes partly structured, leaders have average great power and thither exists fair leader- member relations. This middle range seems more possible and plausible while considering small group situations. In Robert Blake and Jane Moutons The Leadership Grid the focus, is again on ta sk and relationship orientation, and they have come up with five dissimilar styles of leadership.In the apathetic approach the leader has no interest in either achieving goals or improving group relations. The country club approach as the name suggests adopts a friendly working atmosphere. While the middle road approach has a leader who balances the work done and maintains the morale of the people the task master gets the work done and is less concerned slightly the feelings of the group members. The team work approach, is considered the best as its members are committed to their goal and share a feeling of mutual trust and respect (Forsyth, 2006).The style of the leadership depends on the maturity of the group members according to the Situational Leadership Theory given by Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard. They emphasize that an effective leader should display four styles of leadership. An effective leader should direct the group members when they are inexperienced, coach them a s their competency level increases, offer support when they are moderately mature and delegate tasks when they are committed (Forsyth, 2006). Though this approach doesnt talk about task and relationship orientation it is feasible in small groups.The Leader Member Exchange (LMX) approach is based on how members respond to their leaders. If they value their leader there is a heightened level of efficiency, commitment and loyalty and they become a part of the privileged inner group. The others who do not respond positively form the outer(prenominal) group and continue to do their work. The key to the leaders effectiveness depends on his capacity to bring all his followers within the inner group (Forsyth, 2006). The Lewin-Lippitt-White study focused on the control the leader had over his group and their level of participation.Under laboratory conditions they studied the effect of shared and unshared power in the context of small groups. Groups with an authoritarian leader reflected gre ater dependence and showed signs of more conflict, whereas under a democratic leader group members learnt to be more self reliant. The laissez-faire group was added later with a leader who rarely interfered and followers who learnt to make their own decisions. This group wasnt as cohesive as the democratic style that emerged the best. The group with a democratic leader had the highest group oriented suggestions, more friendly behavior and less critical discontent (Forsyth, 2006).Since power was shared participants felt empowered to make meaningful decisions towards the achievement of a shared goal. This study in fact supports the concept of collective leadership as well. Craig L Pearce & Jay Conger (2003) studied the effectiveness of shared leadership when the group was removed from a traditional organizational approach. They found that groups with collective leadership outperformed the leader oriented groups. They were also the most effective in small group situations.Bernard Bass (1997) presented the Theory of Transformational Leadership based on the charisma of the leader to transform his followers. Under the influence of an inspirational leader, group members unite to show increased efficiency in pursuing collective goals. A transformational leader tends to questions old beliefs and leads his followers along paths that are not chartered, setting newfangled winds (Forsyth, 2006). With more emphasis placed on interpersonal relations these leaders are effective in both small and large groups. Being eloquent, a charismatic leader initiates dialogues on issues where differences of opinion arise.Such open minded brain storming sessions would bring about several solutions and the group might end up accepting a hybrid goal where the best ideas have been incorporated. This builds cohesiveness and improves cooperation within the group (Potter, 1996). The charismatic leaders have a reputation of integrity and their followers show a tendency to emulate them. (Eagly , Johannesen- Schmidt & Van Engen, 2003). But charismatic leaders are rare and even these exceptional leaders can get things wrong. Something that seems morally and ethically right for one person may not be so for another. Keeley, 1998).Another question that has fascinated researchers is whether men and women show different leadership behavior and do gender differences influence the process of leadership. Though historical recount supports the fact that women have been underrepresented in leadership roles, research studies show that gender does not influence the effectiveness of a leader with both sexes displaying a equilibrate task and relationship orientation (Forsyth, 2006). Both men and women who hold similar positional and resource power show similarities in leadership behavior (Kanter, 1997).Women leaders show a tendency to be more agreeable, open, fair, responsible and increasingly involved in conflict management, whereas men are inclined towards power, influence and dext erity orientation (Forsyth, Schenker, Leary & McCown, 1985). Thus the sexes differ in the styles of leadership with women adopting transformational and participative approaches, while men are likely to exhibit authoritarian, laissez-faire and transactional styles (Eagly, Johannesen-Schmidt & Van Engen, 2003). Conflict management is a major challenge faced by leaders across the world. Conflict is a natural occurrence in competitive group situations.A discord over beliefs and actions can lead to a conflict if it is resisted. Through an interaction process analysis Robert Blake and his colleagues observed that group members spent one fifth of their time in making hostile comments. When task achievement became difficult, hostility increased and escalated into a conflict (Forsyth, 2006). The best method to manage conflict would be to have an open debate on the issue (Montana & Charnov, 2000), instead of ignoring or brushing aside conflicts, an effective leader should confront it head on (Davies, Burke, Calbom &Kindler, 1991).The current trend shows that leaders and followers are expected to be in contact 24/7 (Murphy & Riggio). It has in turn given rise to realistic offices, having virtual teams working out of their homes in different parts of the globe. . This increased dependence in information technology has given way to e-leadership (Avolio, Kahai & Dodge, 2000). In the future new leadership trends pull up stakes be reinvented as business environments keep changing. Traditional power oriented organizations will give way to power sharing ones.Organizations will get decentralized, along with a cooperative use of resources (Forsyth, 2006). Competency then will depend on the leaders vision of the future, intellectual capacity, strategical thinking, emotional strength and the ability to coordinate and develop human capital (Rivard, 2004). Together with team building and leadership, conflict resolution as a skill will have to be acquired by people interacting in small groups (Gregory &Parry, 2006). It will help them to lead the world thats growing flatter.

My favorite musical institution Essay

Founded in 1964, capital of Seychelles Conservatory of Music was established to impart the enthusiasm of music into its students who understood music and arts. At the same time, it was ge ard towards ensuring that virtuoso in performance is achieved. The initial location of the Conservatory was at the old Union Hall in city center Victoria close to centennial Squargon. The Victoria gave it the use of Craigdarroch castle in 1968. The castle provided an amazing ambiance for concerts and lessons. When it became too crowded, the Conservatory was again relocated, this time to the annex of St. Anns Academy tightlipped Beacon Hill Park (Gorst, 2005).This musical institution is registered as a not-for-profit society which caters for learners from all echelons of life. Originally, the school started with just a few students numbering forty though the number increased quickly hence allowing for new programs to be created with great enthusiasm. It withal meant that the size of the domicile would have to be bigger than ab initio it was. It was made possible by an intermarriage of ideas from the Royal Academy of Music in London with other novel ideas.Students poured in from the other provinces around as well as other lands as the faculty gradually expanded. Another supplemental site had to be tack to cater for the larger population of students. This was found on the Broughton Street. By 1968, the student body had grown to number over four hundred students and thus still more room was required to fit out the growing demand. Mayor Hugh Stephens offices provided a quick and an immediate solution to the problem. In 1978, a larger building was found by the help of the and so BC Cabinet minister, Hugh Curtis.The building however was still not large enough as the rate of growth of the student body was substantial and this requires a lot quicker change and expansion more so given that the rapid growth of the number of students started forcing instructors to teach some stud ents out of their homes. Problems to do with larger home were only solved when the historic Metropolitan United Church (whose original part dates back from 1890) was acquired in 1997 and the search for bigger home was over. The building had to be changed and fitted with other structures to fit the needs of various faculties of music.Along the course of preparing the building to be fit for the new functions as music school, venue for performance and the communitys cultural centre two factors had to be put into consideration which posed as c residence hallenges to the modernization of the building. First of all, while modernization was being carried it to be taken into ac forecast the fact that the building had a history that starts from way back in 1890 hence considerable amount of caution was necessary to make unnecessary its history details. Secondly, extensive modifications were also required to make it serve the new roles as musical school.For this reason, the building needed t o have teaching studios, classrooms and office. In addition, the bathymetry and the electrical systems needed to be updated, upgraded and structural reinforcement done. These tasks were systematically carried out and the building was ready for use in 1999. With its considerable size, the building offers two hall concerts, one of which is large and the other one the size of recital. The two rooms both have proven acoustics and they have studios in addition to other facilities are well designed and put in place to offer a state-of-the-art structure to match the loftyest ambitions of the Conservatory.This is far better considering the over two gibibyte students that the conservatory caters for. In the present state of service to the community, the conservatory offers a wide range of professional programs, programs for children, community school, summer programs and programs for music therapy. These programs are presented in a packaged well mixed with blend of education, career train ing, therapeutic courses, and performance which give a mix of amazing experiences for the students of the institution (Braid, 2005)As a registered institution, Victoria Conservatory of Music had an aim of becoming a center of brilliance for music through education, performance and music therapy. The mission for the institution is to enkindle peoples lives by way of music as a local center of excellence open to all and accessible to bothone that relys to develop a meaningful link with music. Students from the institution have continued to exhibit exemplary performance out of the class (Gorst, 2005). Currently, there are over hundred teachers in the faculty of music of the VCM (Victoria Conservatory of Music).They are responsible for training the students in numerous musical instruments. They also give thorough training in contrary other areas which include music therapy, theory and composition, voice and childrens programs. The institution has vastly proficient faculties which en gage in performance, conduct, compose and then record. The students that are directly studying here come from different regions including others who come from abroad. The mix of students is well balanced with infants and adults both pursuing different areas of their interest.The young group has interest in getting a music education as opposed to the senior people who mainly come to the institution to rediscover their skills and improve their lives. Among the accolades one would passport out of the institution with are Diploma in music or in Jazz studies, Certificate in music foundations and private reading is also available. The institution also offers individual lessons as well as master lessons in addition to lessons in conducting (Gorst, 2005). The Victoria Conservatory of Music gives one an opportunity to gain knowledge in disciplines and instruments of varied assortments.These include woodwinds, history of music, voice, piano, jazz, guitar and many more. While one is offere d a chance to train in the mentioned areas, there are opportunities for performance in choirs or recitals, in ensembles as well as in orchestras. For this reason, there are a number of people who have sailed high in various areas and uplifted the image of the institution both in Canada and elsewhere. Some students of the institution have and still perform on Debut. Debut is the beginning CD for the conservatory to ever produce.It is not only that but they have also performed to significant approbation with the Victoria Symphony Orchestra, the Conservatorys opera house Studio, and in recital. The promise shown by such achievements for the future of the institution and of music is worth being treasured by anyone that is music loving especially handsome music. In the year 2006 the institution celebrated the music award for those who had been recognized home(a)ly. Shika Card won the coveted Orchestra-Standard Life Competition which earned eight super acid dollars worth Standard Life Scholarship.In the same year she received the 2006 Gold Medal for Theory, an award from the Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto. This lettuce is awarded to the topmost theory scores for all students in Canada who sit for the ARCT exams. The previous year, 2005, had seen about sixty students recognized with prizes at the 29th Annual Awards day which is held every year in recognition of students who exhibit magnificent demonstration of stupendous musical abilities (Wood, 2006) Ensemble Sine Nomine is one of a number of vocal and instrumental groups that operate under the sponsorship of the Victoria Conservatory of Music.The recording includes an eclectic array of selections encompassing those from Gregorian chant stretching to the thirteenth century organum hymns done by Hildegard von Bingen. There are also early motets that were done by Dufay along with others (Braid, 2005) Opera studio The opera studio of the conservatory was formerly opera shop but more functions with gradual improvement in quality of productions have made it achieve substantial acclaim as part of the whole Victoria Conservatory of Music.It was initially directed by Selena James who helped the workshop show a build up of high quality annual productions beginning from the middle seventies which got loyalty in following. The concept of the workshop was farther expanded in 1992 to incorporate support courses and have more extensive programs backed with intense coaching in movement, portrayal and ensemble performance. The opera studio has a mandate to expose young singers with advanced training especially those who sincerely desire to pursue a career in professional opera. This wonderful organ of the institution has produced people of renown in the profession of music.Such figures include Richard Margison- an internationally known singer, Benjamin Butterfield who is also an internationally known singer not forgetting Ingrid Attrot as well as other upcoming professionals. Carey Newman, Dunc an Stewart, and Ken Lavigne all count as some of very strong emerging forces in the profession. Previous productions incorporated Benjamin Brittens Albert Herring, Mozarts The Magic Flute and The Marriage of Figaro, Kurt Weills Street Scene, Puccinis Gianni Schicchi, as well as John Gays The Beggars Opera (Wood, 2006)The same as the stage mensuration operas, Opera Studio have specially made works mainly for its student productions. In March 2001 it presented the world premiere of Eyes on the Mountain, base on three stories commended by Canadian writer Jack Hodgins, with music and libretto by Conservatory alumnus Christopher Donison. Eyes on the Mountain received national press coverage and very encouraging reviews. Conservatory Faculty associate, May Ling Kwok along with former Head of Strings Sydney Humphreys perform two van Beethoven Sonatas for Violin and Piano, the Spring in addition to the Kreutzer on this CD.The Opera Studio has produced an exciting variety of productions wh ich include Street Scene by Kurt Weill of December 1992, Tales of Hoffmann by Jacques Offenbach, November, 1994, and The Magic Flute by Mozart in 1995 among others (Wood, 2006). The conservatory has continued to demonstrate exemplary performance by bringing up many students who have require well known professionals (Slavin, 2004). The institution is headed by the Board of governors and those of departments who foresee the smooth operating of the whole system for common goal and objective of enriching peoples lives with music.Board members include Benning ric, Clint Nickerson, Sandy Stedman, Dr Catherine Like, Marianne Alto-Bond, Dr Anthony Nadolski, Wes Wraggett, George Easdon, Rick Stolle, Tim Francis, Ruth Currey, Carolann Steinhoff and Shaun Dolman (Gorst, 2005).References List Braid, R. (2005). Victoria Conservatory of Music. Simon Fraser University, 100-150. Gorst, J. (2005). Victoria Conservatory of Musics History. Giles Publishers. 120-140. http//victoria. tc. ca/Resources/m usic. hypertext mark-up language Slavin, R. (2004). Major Development in Victoria School. 67-80. Wood, R. (2006). Victoria Conservatory of Musics Opera Studio. University of Victoria, 40-69.

Cheating in Sports Essay

Cheating occurs everywhere. Somebody right now in a classroom, baseb both park, footb totally field, basketball court, or a workplace is secretly cheating to be genius step ahead of his competition at all times. Some say it is the character of competition that arises these cheaters, but others believe it is the enormous amount of pres sure enough that is put on these athletes. Although many current athletes secretly follow the cheating paths of Barry Bonds and slam Armstrong to surpass in their respective sports, they fail to realize the culture of cheating changes the way people look at the sport.Performance enhancing drugs are used by superior athletes to improve their efficiency. Performance enhancing drugs, or steroids, increases testosterone in the body and helps athletes recover from injuries quicker and most importantly it promotes muscle growth. Steroids quickly transforms these athletes to superstars who continually break records with relative ease. With the expectation s of fans now on these athletes, winning has reverse more important than being loyal to the game. Remember, this is their career that these athletes are putting in jeopardy but many lug that and look at the high risk high reward, with the high reward being the millions of dollars they will receive for being the top performer. The use of these steroids have become a major concern for the United States Anti Doping Agency because these athletes and trainers are always finding different ways to get passed the testing system.What convinces these athletes that cheating is neat? Is it the trainers who amaze these athletes by showing the freakish results they can achieve by using steroids? Are they intrigued by the millions of dollars a Most Valuable Player accolade surely will translate. Is it the will and determination to win every game? Some will cheat just to stop their rivals from achieving greatness.Arguably one of the great baseball players of all time Barry Bonds is one of th e biggest cheaters in sports history. A major league baseball player for twenty one years for the Pittsburgh Pirates and mainly the San Francisco Giants, Bonds holds legion(predicate) records including Most home runs of all time, ace season home run record, seven Most Valuable Player awards, four consecutive, and many more.Bonds started his career with the Pittsburgh Pirates where he was a slim speedy outfielder with moderate power. He single handedly led the Pirates to several deep playoff runs but he just could not get his team up over the hump of winning the championship. In 1993 Bonds left the Pirates to join the Giants on at that time the highest paid contract in baseball. In San Francisco, he became one of the best sluggers in history. Each year fans expected him to be in the final voting for the Most Valuable Player award and Bonds did exactly that. passim his years it became noticeable how his body physique was drastically changing. Barry Bonds transformed from a moderat e powerful batter combined with speed to steal bases into a muscleman body that took pleasure in abusing opposing star pitchers.Since 2003, Barry Bonds name has been a key figure in the BALCO scandal. Just like any athlete he denied that the use of performance enhancing drugs were the reason why he had such a career. In 2007, he was indicted because he allegedly lied under oath in court about his involvement with steroids. During this scandal in that location were many allegations that proved Bonds had failed drug tests hold in 2001 and 2000 after having his most productive seasons. These paperwork showed that even his trainer at the time, Greg Anderson, was indicted by the grand jury for distributing anabolic steroids to many of his baseball clients. Even with all of this information, Barry Bonds denied and said the change of his body was not because of steroids but a strict diet and workout program. He was convicted on April 13, 2011 on the obstruction of justice charge for try ing to avoid a question when asked under oath. Although his declare did not include prison time, he lost every ounce of respect from his beloved fans and his complete career now has an asterisk next to it.With the ontogeny of steroids in baseball it may be inevitable before every athlete is cheating. You may think if everyone used steroids the game would be more entertain with more home runs and action packed games, but fail consider the health risks these drugs have. The use of these drugs are not accidental they are used to recognise an advant advance over the opponent. If every athlete was using drugs it would be natural for them to knowingly increase the dosage and potentially damage their bodies fatally.Easily the most heartrending cheater of all time goes to the cyclist by the name of Lance Armstrong. Mr. Armstrong is a cancer survivor and 7 time Tour de France winner. At age 25 he was diagnosed with cancer and had immediate surgery and chemotherapy to save his life. Docto rs said that Lance Armstrong had less than a 40% chance of survival during this stage in his life. Despite all of this he remained focused on his secret doping to make a return to the sport of cycling and he did just that. Lance came back to win 5 more Tour De France titles and went down as the best cyclist of all time.For much of his career many doubted that Lance Armstrong could achieve all of this without the use of some type of performance enhancing drugs. Just like Barry Bonds, Lance Armstrong worked with a controversial trainer who was linked to distributing steroids. Armstrong continued to deny every single true allegation that was thrown at him by using the excuse that he had passed over 600 drug tests throughout his career. Then came the USADA investigation in 2011-2012 that impeach him of not only using steroids but trafficking drugs based testimonies that were submitted by former teammates and friends. He was accused of putting pressure on his teammates to take steroids to make sure the team would win the Tour de France.Lance Armstrong turned out to be the biggest bully in sports history because he would sue every person that allegedly said he took performance enhancing drugs. He lied continuingly in court and took the money of these people who were speaking the truth. These people were his teammates and friends that were there for him when he had cancer.In January 2013 Lance Armstrong finally came clean and admitted to Oprah Winfrey in a television interview that he was guilty of using all the drugs he was accused of taking. The scariest part of the interview was when he said at the time he felt like there was nothing wrong with what he was doing because everybody else cheated also so it felt like sporty game. After all these cruel years of lying, cheating, and tainted titles, Lance Armstrong has rightfully been banned from participating in sports.In conclusion, there is nobody out there that can stop these grown male and female athletes worldwid e to stop cheating and play the game how its supposed to be played. There is no doubt, however, that all this increased cheating has tainted every sports reputation and all time records mean nothing now. The only solution that could combat the cheaters is to give out lifelong bans for positive cheating tests. Nowadays the only penalty these players receive is a lengthy suspension, but by the time these athletes have been caught the outcome of the games and records have been broken.

Ana Code of Ethics Essay

The ANA code of ethics as described in the book of Conceptual Foundations as ANAs Code of Ethics for Nurses, 2001 * 1. The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of health problems. * 2. The nurses primary commitment is to the person, whether an individual, family, group, or community. * 3. The nurse promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and decents of the patient. * 4. The nurse is responsible and responsible for individual nursing practice and determines the appropriate delegation of tasks consistent with the nurses obligation to provide optimum patient tutorship.* 5. The nurse owes the same duties to self-importance as to others, including the responsibility to preserve integrity and safety, to maintain competence, and to continue personal and p rofessional growth. * 6. The nurse participates in establishing, maintaining, and improving health condole with environments and conditions of employment contributive to the provision of quality health care and consistent with the values of the profession by individual and collective action.* 7. The nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education, administration, and knowledge development. * 8. The nurse collaborates with other health professionals and the public in promoting community, national, and international efforts to meet health needs. * 9. The profession of nursing, as represented by associations and their members, is responsible for articulating nursing values, for maintaining the integrity of the profession and its practice, and for shaping social policy. (Ceasia, Friberg p. 285)DescriptionIn the broadest sense, ethics are the principles that guide an individual, group, or profession in acquire. Although nurses do m ake single-handed decisions regarding patient care, they are still responsible to the profession as a whole in how those decisions are made. From the earliest concept of nursing, the proper behavior and conduct of a nurse was closely scrutinized. Florence Nightingale wrote of special(prenominal) issues of conduct and moral behavior. The Nightingale pledge that was composed in 1893 by nursing instructor Lystra Gretter includes the cursing to abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous and will not take or knowingly administer any harmful drug.Over the last snow years, nursing has evolved into a very complex professional field. Nurses are now faced with life and death decisions, sometimes on an hourly basis. Medical care has advanced to the point that new technology with its potential benefit or harm to a patient changes constantly. Although the private conduct of a nurse is no longer controlled by the employer, the effects of that lifestyle on the nurses ability to think and respond to patients in different situations.The study of ethics is rattling a branch of philosophy. The word ethics is derived from the Greek term ethos which means customs, habitual usage, conduct, and character. The study of ethics has led to the identification of canonic concepts including relation of basic concepts including rights, autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and fidelity. Understanding these concepts assists the nurse with making decisions during difficult situations.Webster defines a right as something to which one has a just claim or the power or favor to which one is justly entitled. Patient rights have evolved to the point that federal legislation has been passed in the United States to protect a patients individual rights. A Patients Bill of Rights was initially developed by the American Hospital Association in 1973 and revised in1992. All hospitals are now needful by law to inform patients of these rights upon admission to the hospital.Autono my comes from the Latin auto meaning self and nomy which means control. Individuals must be given the rights to assist in their own decision making. This ethical concept has led to the need for informed consent. Sometimes patients religious or cultural beliefs lead them to make decisions regarding their own care that may seem controversial or even dangerous. However, the concept of autonomy gives them the right to make those decisions unless they are mentally impaired.Beneficence means to do good, not harm, to other people. Nonmaleficence is the concept of preventing intentional harm. Both of these ethical concepts relate directly to patient care. In the American Nurses Association Code for Nurses, there is a specific charge to protect patients by specifying that nurses should report unsafe, illegal, or unethical practices by any person. Nurses are often faced with making decisions about extending life with technology, which mightiness not be in the best interest of the patient. Of ten the concept of weighing potential benefit to the patient against potential harm is used in making these difficult decisions, along with the patients own stated wishes. The word justice is closely tied with the legal system. However, the word refers to the obligation to be fair to all people. In 2001, healthcare economics have hospitals and other providers stretching their resources to their limits. Economic decisions about healthcare resources have to be made ground on the number of patients who would benefit.The potential of rationing care to the frail elderly, poor, and disabled creates an ethical dilemma that is sure to become even more complicated in the future. Fidelity refers to the concept of keeping a commitment. Although the word is more closely used to describe a marital relationship, fidelity is the concept of accountability. What is the nurses responsibility to his or her patient, employer, society, or government? Privacy and confidentiality are concepts that could be challenged under the concept of fidelity. If a nurse is aware of another healthcare presenter who is impaired, but the circumstances are private or confidential, how is the conflict resolved? As a general rule, nurses are employed by a hospital, clinic, or private practice. Decisions that are made about patient care are not totally independent. Every decision creates a ripple effect and touches someone else in the health care field.One of the purposes of a code of ethics is to help nurses keep perspective and a balanced view regarding decisions. An example of encroachment of code of ethics is an 18yr old girl comes into the emergency room with her mother and has abdominal pain. The doctor or nurse does not ask the patient if it is ok for the mother to know the entire patients information since she is 18 yrs. old. The mother is under the impression that her daughter is not sexually active. When the urinalysis comes prickle the nurse explains that they are going to do further t ests but the abdominal pain is probably due to her being pregnant.The mother is in the room when the intelligence information is told violating the patients rights. The professional nursing practices involves working towards the outcomes of safe, quality, evidence based practice and confidentiality. (Styles, A 2008). Overall, I think all nurses try to do the right thing on a daily basis and their decisions are based on a reflection of consequences and moral principles. The ANA helps professional nursing by sustenance nurses and providing a framework within which nurses can make ethical judgments and decisions to fulfill their daily responsibilities.ReferencesStyles, A. (2008) The professional nursing practice. http//www.buzzle.com/articles/ethics-in-nursing-jobs-and-profession.html Ceasia, Friberg. (2011) The ANA code of ethics.Conceptual Foundations p.285