Dysphoric Mania in Bipolar Disorder

Dysphoric Mania in Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Print Dysphoric Mania in Bipolar Disorder Episodes With Mixed Features By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 30, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 17, 2019 Bipolar Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Your Rights Westend61/Getty Images Dysphoric mania is the term that was used in the past for what we now call an episode with  mixed features, though some health professionals may still use this term. Around 40 percent of people who are diagnosed with bipolar disorder experience episodes with mixed features. Understanding Dysphoria Dysphoria is a word that turns up often in the literature describing bipolar disorder. By definition, dysphoria is a profound state of unease or a general dissatisfaction with life. From a clinical standpoint, dysphoria suggests a serious depressive episode accompanied by a manic psychosis (the loss of external reality). As such, it is not considered a reasonable response to an event or stimulus but rather a feature of an ever-changing cycle in moods that can lead, often inexplicably, to profound episodes of emotional dysfunction. Simply put, dysphoria is a disconnect in emotion that has little or no relation to what is actually going on. Dysphoria is not only associated with bipolar disorder, its associated with other psychiatric and nonpsychiatric conditions. These can include schizophrenia, gender dysphoria, illicit drug use, and even premenstrual cycles (premenstrual dysphoric disorder). Diagnosis Dysphoric mania is not a term we use often these days but its one that can help clarify how dysphoria applies to bipolar disorder. In this instance, a bipolar person might concurrently exhibit signs of mania along with signs of depression. Today, this is described as a mixed feature of bipolar disorder. People with dysphoric mania or mixed features will experience at least three symptoms of mania with a depressive episode or at least three symptoms of depression with a manic or hypomanic episode. The symptoms can be wide-ranging but are ultimately characterized by a contradiction in action and state,  such as a person who is frenetic and loud even if he or she is emotionally drained and depressed. Symptoms of Mania Grandiosity and exaggerated feelings of self-importance Hallucinations or delusions Racing thoughts Rapid, frenzied speech (pressured speech) Recklessness and risk-taking behavior Aggressiveness or irritability Needing less sleep or not feeling tired Purposeless, often relentless, activity (psychomotor agitation) Symptoms of Depression Inexplicable crying or long periods of sadness Curtailed sleep or appetite Thoughts of death or suicide (suicidal ideation) Feelings of worthlessness or guilt Lethargy Losing interest in activities once enjoyed Social isolation Indecisiveness or confusion When these ranges of symptoms co-occur, the state can then be broadly described as being dysphoric, or what we now call a manic or hypomanic episode with mixed features or a depressive episode with mixed features. Treatment Options Its important to remember, first and foremost, that dysphoria is not a condition. It is a symptom in the same way that euphoria (intense feelings of happiness or well-being) is a symptom. As such, you do not treat dysphoria per se, but the underlying condition. With that being said, dysphoric/mixed episodes are often difficult to treat because the majority of drugs used to treat bipolar disorder address either depression or mania, not both. Antipsychotic drugs by themselves or along with lithium or anticonvulsants may be effective, but the process of finding the right combination can take time. Oftentimes, treatment is a process of trial-and-error. When dysphoria occurs in relation to a mixed episode, the risk of suicide is considered high. In people having suicidal thoughts or those whose behavior is erratic and intensifying, hospitalization may be needed. Get Help From the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Treatment Is Essential Dysphoric mania is a serious disorder that needs immediate and ongoing treatment and support. If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of a mixed bipolar episode, seek help as soon as possible. Early intervention is often key to treatment success.

5.2 Summarise the Policies and Procedures Schools May Have...

1. Outline current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within own UK Home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. †¢ Working together to safeguard children (2006-2010) †¢ Children act (2004) †¢ Education act(2002) †¢ Disability discrimination act (1995) †¢ Special education needs (SEN) couch practice (2000) †¢ Data protection information handling and sharing 2. Explain child protection within the wider concept of safeguarding children and young people. This is when children are suffering from any form of abuse or neglect. It also involves protecting children and young people from maltreatment and preventing impairment of a child’s health and development by ensuring†¦show more content†¦Over a period of eight months, causing him 60 separate injuries including a broken back and ribs. It criticised Peters GP for not raising concerns when he found bruises on the childs head and chest after apparently falling down stairs. It chastised police for not investigating suspicious injuries, neither did the social workers and their managers at any time seriously think that Peter was being harmed or was at risk of harm. Peter Lewis, director of childrens services at Haringey, said improvements had been made at the council, with agency social workers accounting for 20% of staff, down from 45% at the height of the tragedy. He also confirmed more children in the borough were being taken into care - 620 were now in care, up from 460 18 months ago Alex Sutherland Alex Sutherland age 13 months was found dead in his pushchair in front of a blazing gas fire his body charred and burned, he Had been dead for at least three days till he got found. He had faeces on his hands, legs and buggy, had severe nappy rash and had bruising on his head and body. His mother, Tracey Sutherland, 39, was later admitted neglect and was jailed for 27 months. Pauline Newman, the city council’s director of Children’s Services, said it was clear ‘there were areas where we could have done better’ In March 2009 a review by Lord Laming said a higher priority should be given to childShow MoreRelatedUnit 3024935 Words   |  20 PagesLevel 3 Diploma in Specialist Support for Teaching and Learning in Schools Assignment – Unit 302 Schools as organisations (also includes unit 306 1.1, unit 333 1.1) Summarise entitlement and provision for early years’ education (Refer to Childcare Act 2006 and Every Child matters) (1.1) As part of the Childcare Act 2006 and every child matters, all 3 and 4 year old children in England are able to receive free, partRead MoreTDA 3.2 schools and organisation Essay examples3547 Words   |  15 Pages 1.1 Summarise entitlement and provision for early year’s education? Every child matters agenda and the childcare act 2006, it become an entitlement of all 3-4 year olds in England to receive a free part time early years education of up to 12.5 hours per week for 38 weeks of the year. Early year’s provision in school is about supporting very young children it is distinct from key stage 1 in each country within the UK and is best on the concept of learning through play rather thanRead MoreEssay on Tda 3.2 Schools as Organisations4137 Words   |  17 PagesTDA 3.2 Schools as Organisations. TDA 3.2-1.1 Summarise entitlement and provision for early year’s education. Thanks to the Every Child Matters and the Childcare Act 2006 all 3 and 4 years olds in England receive free part-time (12  ½ per week) for 38 weeks a year. This is government funded and the idea is for all children to have 2 years of free education before they even start school. Early year’s provision for these very young children varies greatly from the education they willRead MoreTDA 3.2 organisation in schools Essay3183 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿ Level 3 Task Book for Specialist Support for Teaching and Learning in schools Mandatory Units Learner Name: The tasks have been re-written with boxes after each section for you to fill in if that would suit your learning style. Some learners find this helpful. You don’t have to work this way. You can present your tasks in other formats if you wish as long as it demonstrates evidence of the knowledge and understanding. NB: Please ensure that you referRead MoreEssay on Tda 3.2 Assignment Schools as Organisations9471 Words   |  38 PagesTDA 3.2 Schools as Organisations 1. Know the structure of education from early years to post compulsory education. 1.1 Summarise entitlement provision for early year’s education. 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There are free pre-schools which are run by the local authorities that children can attend for 3 hours a day once they have turned 3 or if children are already in a day nursery then they will have 15 hours a week deducted off their bill the term after the childRead MoreTda 3.2 Schools as Organisations Essay7652 Words   |  31 PagesAssessment task – TDA 3.2 Schools as organisations Task 1 links to learning outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, assessment criteria 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1 and 6.3. Knowing how schools work as organisations would support your work in education. Provide evidence that shows you can: a) Summarise entitlement and provision for Early years education There are different types of childcare options available for 0-5 year olds, these include: Read MoreUnit 302 Schools and Organisations Essay examples4715 Words   |  19 PagesSchools and Organisations Assignment 302 By Mrs D M Brunsdon December 2012 Outcome 1: * Know the structure of education from early years to post-compulsory education 1.1 summaries entitlement and provision for early year’s education In the UK all children aged between 3 and 4 years have the right to receive the minimum of 15 hours education which can be used between 3 and 5 days per week. There are many ways that this can be provided. * Nursery schools These are stand aloneRead MoreChildcare: Education and Subject Code Essay43120 Words   |  173 PagesAward in Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools Subject Code: 501/1289/2 Ascentis Level 3 Certificate in Supporting Teaching and Learning Subject Code: 501/1706/3 Level 2 Certificate in Cover Supervision Subject Code: 501/1718/X Ascentis Level 3 Diploma in Specialist Support for Teaching and Learning Subject Code: 501/1719/1 Level 3 Award/Certificate/Diploma Level 3 Award in Supporting Teaching and Learning in Schools Level 3 Certificate in Supporting Teaching and Learning Level 3 CertificateRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pagesthe World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk ---------------------------------This edition published 2011  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 The rights of Gerry Johnson, Richard Whittington and Kevan Scholes to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Pearson Education is not responsible for the content of third party internet sites. ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved

The Book Things Fall Apart Is One Of Africa’S Most...

The book Things Fall Apart is one of Africa’s most significant works of literature. Because of its unique spin on European colonialism from an African tribesman’s perspective and its eloquent use of Igbo vocabulary, the volume continually draws in readers from various backgrounds and locations. Attention to detail and foreshadowing are common throughout the book; zeroing in on certain motifs and themes relating to African culture. One motif examined throughout the novel is chi. Author Chinua Achebe expresses the conflict between whether the main character, Okonkwo, can control his tragic fate or if his calamitous ending is the product of his personal chi. This essay will prove that his chi, or personal god, is the root of his downfall, not†¦show more content†¦Since Okonkwo’s life is full of violence, he suffers a violent death-hanging himself, which is â€Å"an abomination to the earth goddess† (Achebe 205). This proves the following claim, †Å"A man cannot rise beyond the destiny of his chi† (Achebe 131). Despite his constant efforts to fight his destiny, Okonkwo crumbles and ultimately realizes he cannot change the path his chi has chosen for him. Other critics believe Okonkwo has the ability and power to control his fate, as well as his chi, throughout his life. For instance, â€Å"Okonkwo resorts to violence in order to maintain control of a situation and assert his manliness† (Iyasere 68). This quote nearly means Okonkwo must constantly oversee situations, especially situations involving his chi. Because of his physical strength and persistently violent attitude, Okonkwo is feared, as well as respected, by those around him as a leader and conqueror. â€Å"His fame rested on solid personal achievements,† Chinua Achebe shares (1). Besides his physical attributes, Okonkwo â€Å"treat[s] [others] with great honor and respect† (Achebe 12), but not his chi. Instead of bargaining with his chi about certain decisions regarding his fate, such as immediately apologizing to his wife during the Week of Peace, Okonkwo alternatively â€Å"mold[s] his chi to his will,† Solomon Iyasere claims, in order to get wh at he wants (68). This violentShow MoreRelatedAchebe1599 Words   |  7 Pages Achebe’s Defense of The Ibo People in Things Fall Apart Option 1 The late Chinua Achebe is considered to be one of the most important voices in African literature. Born in colonial Nigeria in the 1930’s, Achebe joined the first wave of African writers who were determined to represent their country in a way that would truthfully depict the past and present. Before the arrival of the first wave writers, the history of pre-colonial Africa was portrayed as a place of barbarous activity. EuropeanRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe2361 Words   |  10 PagesThings Fall Apart Book Critique Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a historical fiction novel describing the life of Okonkwo in a Nigerian village succumbing to European ways, in order to portray Achebe’s view on imperialism. It was chosen for us to read by our teacher because it describes imperialism and its effects in an Ibo village of Nigeria. It also shows the treatment of natives by the Europeans and how the natives reacted. Things Fall Apart is useful to our course of studies because itRead MoreEssay on Images of Africa in Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart2228 Words   |  9 PagesImages of Africa in Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman.   Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness (Conrad 94), as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life, but he also manages to depict Africans as though they are not worthy of the respectRead More Essay Contrasting Images in Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness2233 Words   |  9 PagesContrasting Images in Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman.   Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as â€Å"so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness† (Conrad 94), as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life, but he also manages to depict Africans as though they are not worthy of the respectRead MoreATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS STUDYING AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL3053 Words   |  13 PagesCHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACK GROUND OF THE STUDY The West African Examination Council and the National Examination Council, the major examination bodies in Nigeria have been recording poor results from candidates who sit for examination on Agricultural Science. 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It is semi-privatised, with 39% being owned by the South African government; this means that the state has a significant say in how the company is run. Telkom was established 19 years ago, originally as a telephone company. It now provides a wide range of communications services. In 2006

Battered Woman Syndrome Free Essays

The phrase â€Å"battered woman syndrome† was first coined by Walker to provide a clear picture about the recurrent events of violence occurring in a relationship. In this concept, some psychological structures are defined such as learned helplessness. This terminology will aid in the discussion of the reasons behind why certain women, who experience violence and assault, still remain and cling to the batterer and their relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Battered Woman Syndrome or any similar topic only for you Order Now Battered woman syndrome has become the subject of court cases in the past years, ranging from the prosecution of the batterers up to the testimonies of the battered woman. It is also traditionally applied as a reason for self-defense of a woman, who is believed to be in an imminent danger at the time she killed the batterer (McCann, Shindler and Hammond, 2004). However, issues conjure in response to this traditionally accepted claim of the victim. One of which is that battered women are masochists. Fulero and Wrightsman (2009) tackled issues about the battered woman syndrome. They also compiled myths about the battered woman syndrome and one of which is the masochism of battered women. Since it is a myth, there are insufficient proof that the said issue is true and factual. Englander (2007) further added that theories about masochism as being normal for women have no scientific foundation and empirical data to support these theories. It is also not necessary that a woman experiencing battered woman syndrome is a masochist. Different angles of the issue must be viewed first. Consider the social status of the person because having an inferior social status does not necessarily mean that one is masochistic. Consider also her behavior. Although she behaves masochistically, it does not necessarily mean that she is suffering from masochism. Her act of masochism may be due to the fact that she needs to increase her chances of surviving or to eliminate the tension building inside her. A woman may not be able to leave her husband because of the benefit she gains from him (e. g. , her children has father) or she cannot find any other man to satisfy her emotional needs (Rancour-Laferriere, 1995). Other factors to consider would include the following: social or financial dependence on spouse, insufficient marketing skills, limited independence and mobility due to continuous childbearing, uncertainty about the severity of the problem, fear of becoming single, poor and alone, and knowledge deficit about other options that may help her (Englander, 2007). If a woman is a masochist, then she enjoys the suffering or the pain inflicted to her. However, Okun (1986) noted that masochism enlisted here does not imply enjoyment of suffering. Instead the suffering is endured because of the woman’s low self-esteem and failure to understand her role in their relationship. Battered women are then suggested to be suffering from a subtype of anxiety related disorder. It is said to be under the subclassification of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) since the cyclical act of violence has become a serious threat to the health of the victim and her life. The battered woman often reports flashbacks, nightmares, emotional detachment, numbness, sleep problems, disrupted concentration, hypervigilance, startled response, guilt, and fears of experiencing recurrent violence. Other symptoms would include depression, indecisiveness, low self-esteem, self-blame, passiveness, social isolation, and unwillingness to seek help from others (Keltner, Schwecke and Bostrom, 2007). In conclusion, one must first consider several factors before making assumptions about battered women. They may have some psychiatric disorders that render them incapable of leaving their abusive partner. They may have deeper reasons why they chose to experience physical rather than emotional pain. Knowing that some of these women are mothers, their love for their children may be the only bond that ties her to an abusive partner. References Englander, E. K. (2007). Understanding Violence (3rd ed. ). USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Fulero, S. M. Wrightsman, L. S. (2009). Forensic Psychology (3rd ed. ). USA: Wadsworth. Keltner, N. L. , Schwecke, L. H. Bostrom, C. L. (2007). Psychiatric Nursing (5th ed. ). USA: Elsevier. McCann, J. T. , Shindler, K. L. , Hammond, T. R. (2004). The Science and Pseudoscience of Ecpert Testimony. In S. O. Lilienfeld, S. J. Lynn, J. M. Lohr, C. Tavris. (Ed. ) Science and Pseudoscience of Clinical Psychology. USA: The Guilford Press. Okun, L. (1986). Woman Abuse: Facts Replacing Myths. USA: State University New York Press Rancour-Laferriere, D. (1995). The Slave Soul of Russia: Moral Masochism and the Cult of Suffering. USA: New York University Press. How to cite Battered Woman Syndrome, Papers

E Commerce at Yunnan Lucky Air free essay sample

Backed by the Hainan Airlines of the China, Yunnan Airlines was founded in 2004 as one of the most cost-effective domestic airline operating from its hub in Kunming, in the province of Yunnan. The limited route license added to the airline’s competitive advantage and maintained its monopoly within the region. Its major competitors include Air China and China Southern Airlines among others. As Yunnan is one of the most attractive tourist destinations of Southern China, the airline attracted a lot of customers and started producing profits within just three years of its inception. This huge success was the result of a viable strategy of the company that included just one type of airplane to reduce maintenance and costs, short haul and point to point routes and just one seating arrangement. There was no in-flight entertainment as well but as the airline was dealing in just short trips, these factors did not adversely affect its revenues. Presently, the company is facing a niche competition after the introduction of many new low-cost airline companies in the already saturated market and to keep itself ahead of the competition, Lucky Air needs to revisit its business strategy and come up with a plan of action that would help in its progress. This task is unduly challenging as it faces many competitors and any error or lapse of judgement may adversely affect the future of the company. E-commerce in China: According to (Kotler et al, 2012) ‘The digital revolution has created an Information Age that promises to lead to more accurate levels of production, more targeted communications and more relevant pricing’. In western countries e-commerce is not only a great asset in the business world, it is becoming the most dominant factor of gaining advantage and expanding their range within the sector. The internet usage in the China, however, is fairly limited and there is still a lot of potential for penetration inside the different remote regions of the country. This factor endorses the fact that the use of internet to have a competitive business advantage is currently minimal. The internet service at this time, especially in the airline sector, is unsophisticated and slow. The advancements in this sector are however enormous. Although only 1% of the population in China use the internet for their convenience, this situation is going to change soon considering the speed at which this commodity is gaining influence in the country. Luckyair. net: Kotler at al. (2012) state that ‘companies can improve their cost efficiency by skillful use of the internet’. This forum can improve logistics and operations to not only improve the accuracy and service quality but gain enormous cost savings as well. The biggest advantage that Lucky Air has is its association with Hainan Air that ensures that it is linked to one of the best IT support in the country. Lucky Air uses just . 15% of its own net income on its IT investment. Having this aid at their disposal has made them get an edge over their competitors and the company is the first of its kind to enable online credit verification, buy and refund tickets online and has no call-centre back end operations that delay and frustrate the customers. In addition, the company also provides information on destinations, flights and news updates. The on-line communities also help increase brand loyalty through blogs and forums. Options Open to Lucky Air: There are many different options available to Lucky Air to improve its standing in the airline sector. Some of these options include A. Revitalization of e-commerce to establish itself as the online travel leader. B. Expansion of the airline’s operations to include long haul routes C. Merger with other smaller companies to have a wider range of resources and capital available and improve its position in the highly competitive market Factors to be considered: Kotler at al. (2012) see management ‘entering a new â€Å"Age of Turbulence’ in which chaos, risk and uncertainty characterize many industries, markets and companies’. A lot of factors need to be considered by the executive team of Lucky Air. An ill-devised or poorly implemented marketing plan would not only hinder the company’s growth, it would also result in the loss of the edge they have over the other companies. The four cost components of the airline industry – fuel, landing fees, aircraft leasing and taxes has made operating Lucky Air in a productive manner a constant challenge. Even though the company has a high competitive advantage being linked to Hainan Airlines, it still needed to upgrade its business strategy on a regular basis to ensure maintaining the lead they had over the other airlines. The company like all its counterparts face a myriad of restraints including heavily regulated governmental laws, limitation to price reduction, a low potential for rapid expansion due to government restrictions and heavy taxes. Lucky Air being new in the field and operating on a small geographical area has to burden a lot of costs. The restriction on expansion of the company makes it necessary for the airlines to lease the airplanes at a high cost and the taxes ranging from 2%-10% makes it a challenge to manage its finances. The monopoly of ‘Civil Aviation Oil’ for fuel and â€Å"National Development Reform Commission’ for aircraft leasing puts a burden on the budget of the airline companies as they may dictate the terms of their services as they see fit. Another factor that Lucky Air has to keep in mind while devising its business strategy is the distribution and sale of the tickets for each flight. The sale of the tickets had the highest variable cost to the company’s finances with 80% of the company’s ticket purchases being done through authorized agents who commissioned from 2-10%. In addition, the company also had to pay the ‘GDS’ fees taxed by the government. The government restrictions and taxes induced are also major aspects of business in the airline sector. E-commerce is still not the norm of the business sector as there is a constant threat of fraud and errors in online buying, along with the high process being charged by the banks for using their services for payments. The executive team needs to take this factor into consideration and formulate a plan that would help keep Lucky Air exploit the resources as the e-commerce becomes more common in the country. Kotler et al. (2012) believes that marketers may use the Internet as a powerful information and sales channel as it can collect fuller and richer information about markets, computers, prospects and competitors. Recommendation: As far as the short term strategy is concerned, the biggest benefit would be gained through the integration of e-commerce. This is one avenue that Lucky Air needs to pursue as soon as possible as it would determine the future benefits of the company in the long run. It would not be able to survive in this market unless it moulds its business strategy in this respect. For the long term, the company needs to expand its range of operations and introduce long haul and international destinations with time. The marketing executives of Lucky Air should base their strategy on the ‘Holistic Marketing Concept’ which according to Kotler et al. (2012) is based on the development, design and implementation of marketing programs, processes and activities that recognize their breadth and interdependencies. This concept believes that everything matters in marketing and a broad, integrated perspective is often necessary. It recognizes and reconciles the scope and complexities of marketing activities (Appendix A). The adoption of this strategy would include 1. Use of Web 2. 0 to improve the customers’ online experience. 2. Set up a ‘Customer Relationship Management’ as is ? the norm in the western companies. 3. Acquire and maintain a detailed ‘Customer Product Review’ to help keep track of the customers’ changing needs and preferences. 4. Introduce a ‘Customer Self-Service’ option to decrease wait time during processes. 5. Set up a ‘Corporate Account’ that would aid the companies to keep track of their employees’ travel records and give them access to the different deals and destination packages. 6. Introduce and aggressively promote a ‘Loyalty Program Membership’ that would help maintain customer interaction and foster brand loyalty. 7. Introduce discount tour packages giving discounts in hotels and travel services even though the government does not allow reduction in the fares. 8. Improved discount rates, product mixes, promotional channels and special deals for students provided at sanctioned breaks and holidays. Conclusion and lessons learned: Analyzing the situation that the airline companies and specifically Lucky Air finds itself in, it can be deduced that to maintain their position in the ever increasing competitive market of airline industry, it is necessary for Lucky Air to revamp its business strategy. Considering the changing trends of the market, it cannot hope to have and maintain a positive impact on the market unless it expands its mode of operations. As e-commerce is the key to future success, it would be prudent for the company to devise its business strategy focusing on this aspect. On the other hand, Lucky Air should also think about expanding its business to other provinces and with time to other countries as well. Considering the vast number of airline companies opening shop in China, expansion is the only way to survive. The expansion, however, needs to be brought about strategically so that the competition may not be able to exploit Lucky Air’s weaknesses and errors. This is true for every low cost airline company in China and globally. The ever-changing market and the introduction of easy access of internet means that these airlines cannot hope to be successful in their endeavors unless they are willing to keep on a constant revitalization of their business strategy on a regular basis. It is the only way to keep abreast of the changing trends and be productive.

John Proctor Sinner Or Saint Essays - Salem Witch Trials

John Proctor: Sinner Or Saint? John Proctor, Sinner or Saint No person can completely steer clear of the trials and tribulations of his or her society. He who does may be vulnerable to serious allegations. If a man is to work well in his surroundings, he must partake in all aspects of his society or he is leaving himself open to unfavorable charges. In Arthur Millers, The Crucible, John Proctors lack of involvement in the Salem witch trials ultimately leads to his execution. John Proctor tries to avoid any involvement in the Salem witch trials. His reason for this attempt is motivated by his past fault of committing adultery with Abigail Williams. The guilt connected with his lechery makes Proctor hesitant to speak openly because he would condemn himself as an adulterer. Basically, then, in the first act he attempts to isolate himself from the primary proceedings, saying to Reverend Hale Ive heard you to be a sensible man, Mr. Hale. I hope youll leave some of it in Salem (Miller; 1106). Proctor tries to wash his hands of the entire affair, than to instead deal with his own personal problems. His wife Elizabeth constantly badgers him about his adulterous affair and he retorts with Let you look sometimes for the goodness in me, and judge me not (1117). Rather than interfering in the witch trials he is still trying to defend himself in the dangerous love triangle. In Act I, Proctor attempts to retire to the private world of his farm and remain completely oblivious to the events arising in Salem. This refusal to become involved is brought to an end when his servant, Mary Warren, announces that she is an official of the court and that Elizabeth Proctor has been somewhat mentioned(1119) by the woman who with whom he had copulated. Proctor still wishes to dismiss the hearings, but his wife uses his guilt about infidelity to extract a covenant that he will expose Abigail as being an impostor. Proctor is being coerced by his wife to become involved, it is not his free and open decision. Indirect characterization can be surmised in the aforesaid situation that Elizabeth is very influential upon Proctors character. This demonstrates that Proctors sense of guilt is central to any understanding of him as a dramatic character (Bloom; 26). Before Proctor is forced to take the next step, Reverend Hale arrives and then, Herrick with a warrant for Elizabeths arrest. In anger over his wifes conviction and arrest, Proctor accuses Hale of being a Pontius Pilate(1127) and later tells him that he is a coward by saying: though you be ordained in Gods own tears, you are a coward now!(1128). What Proctor fails to see is that he too has been acting as a Pontius Pilate and as a coward because he has been attempting to escape any type of involvement. These events force an involvement upon John Proctor, since the trials he has tried to ignore what have now invaded his private haven. His first step is still to avoid commitment. Proctor still refuses to go into the court and accuse Abigail openly, but instead tries to coerce Mary to go to the court. When reminded that Abigail will accuse him of lechery, however, he realizes how wicked Abigail is, and finally resolves to go with Mary Warren to the court where he takes his final step and denounces Abigail as a whore. As a result of his involvement, John finds himself accused of being a witch. After being tried and condemned to death, John refuses to confess because of his pride and stubbornness. However, he does not want to die for such an absurd reason. He is therefore faced with the predicament of being completely against the other condemned witches, and by his confession, becoming partly responsible for the deaths of his fellow prisoners. The other route open to him is to align himself completely with the condemned witches. There is finally no middle ground open to John Proctor. He must commit himself to one side or the other. His choice is to commit himself to his friends and die an honest man. The significant self-laceration which John Proctor undergoes while struggling to make his choice

Overpopulation vs Overconsumption Essays

Overpopulation vs Overconsumption Essays Overpopulation vs Overconsumption Paper Overpopulation vs Overconsumption Paper In the article Brazil: Amazon Deforestation Seen Surging, the author Reuters discusses the cause and effect of deforestation of the South American rainforests. Another article entitled Prevent Corals, Fish and Whales from Ocean Acidification written by the Center for Biological Diversity, approaches a different yet describes similar causes. Articles like these are being posted on the Internet constantly, causing people to question the source and suction Of these problems. In order for the solution to be found, the root of these problems must be brought to light. 1 2] In recent discussions regarding humans affect on the environment, the introverts lies with whether overpopulation or overcompensation is more harm to the environment, culture and the living conditions of future generations. The stakeholders affected by these issues are humans, including the general population (nationally and internationally), the government, and future generations. Societal consensus assumed that overpopulation is the main culprit. People often identify overpopulation with food shortages, farming of marginal lands, and detrimental effects on the environment. Another view highlights overcompensation as the main culprit because it rumps the negative effects of overpopulation. In sum, the question is whether our society should be more concerned about the large population growth occurring in places such as India, or the large amount of consumption in countries such as the U. S. Finding a solution to this issue will be complicated but is vital for those effected. The solution itself poses many questions: Who is responsible for the effects that are caused by overcompensation and overpopulation? Who will to take action and help solve the problem? How do we going to prevent further detriment to the earth and humanity? Overcompensation: Overcompensation has a detrimental affect on the environment, and our culture and our economy forces this issue into light. Those that believe that this is the main cause to these issues pose a good argument; their main point is that a small fraction of the worlds population consumes the majority of the resources being produced. While it may seem like overpopulation is the issue at hand, this view shows that this may not be true, by stating different facts and beliefs that shows otherwise. In a response to this controversy, a teacher in the SHiPS Teachers Network ousted a case study in which he or argues that overcompensation has more affect on humanity. The author makes it clear that he or she is biased, but gives facts that prove overcompensation is to blame. The teacher proves his or her point by stating some facts may be misconstrued. One author recently conveyed the alarming disparity in birth rates: in three generations, a German woman would have 6 descendants, in the U. S. , 14, and in Africa, 258. The implication, of course, was that by the middle of the next century, Africans would be depleting resources 18 times more quickly and damaging the environment 18 times more severely than people in industrialized nations. [5] This data leads one to believe that the main cause for the damage is overpopulation. But the author retorts with a strong argument to further his or her point. Who most affects the environment? According to one estimate, a person in the U. S. Has 50 times more adverse impact than someone in Bangladesh. An American, on the average, consumes 50 times as much steel and 300 times as much plastic as someone in India. When one examines consumption rather than just population, the environmental problem Of scarcity looks very different. The author then compares consumption to the campers familiar backcountry ethics saying, leave a campsite as you found it, his or her point is that people that consume more than they produce are doing something wrong. After reading this teachers response, one could easily come to the conclusion that overcompensation is to blame. 5] After further research, an equation was found that could calculate the impact on humanity by taking into account three simple variables. The following can sum up the equation. Impact is equal to population multiplied y affluence (per capita consumption) multiplied by the technology used to produce goods (energy, waste). Paul Earlier created this equation, his point being that per capita consumption and technology are just as sign ificant as the number of people when it comes to the impact on humanity. With this idea, it is easy to see how all three variables play an equal part in this issue. Overpopulation: While overcompensation seems to pose the greatest and most immediate threat, overpopulation is not to be ignored or taken lightly. In the world today, We kick at places like India and China and cringe when We hear the Vast mounts of people that live there. With an exponential growth rate, and reports of overcrowding in places all over the world, it is understandable that overpopulation is on the minds of the general population. While those who believe overpopulation is to blame, they understand that both issues pose a problem to the world today. Regardless of which has a bigger affect on earths resources, they accept the fact that most of the earths resources are being consumed by the few. The main argument that they make is that overcompensation is a huge problem, and overpopulation amplifies the impact that it has. In the article Where Should We Focus, author Michael Hander delves into the controversy of overcompensation versus overpopulation. In this article, Hander first approaches the argument by stating a common goal of both parties. He focuses on the idea that because of our current rate of consumption, and the fast growth rate of the population, humanity cannot be sustained. By comparing the consumption of large economic nations, and those of third world countries, Hander contrasts the lifestyles of the average American with that of one from a developing country. On the other hand, cost third world consumption levels are between 0. 5 and 5 percent of ours. This vast difference is not because these people recycle, use little plastic or dont drive a turbo-charged car O it IS because they have no car, no central heat, no refrigerator, and maybe no house at all! He then explains that Americans should not think of themselves as selfish as long as they consume at a reasonable rate. He goes on to state that Americans not only believe that they are morally right in consuming a reasonable amount, but they desire this level of consumption. Hander states, It is this lack of the most basic items, teems which most of us bel ieve every human should be able to have, which make up most of the consumption difference between the haves and the have onto We need to allow all of the worlds citizens a reasonable lifestyle while at the same time heading toward sustainability. Hander furthers his point by saying that overpopulation is more important in the long run. Keeping his previous ideas in mind, he makes the statement that overpopulation occurs at a lower point with a higher standard of living. This makes sense because the third world countries will be consuming these items Americans consider basic once they develop further, raising the overall consumption of the world. In order for this to be achieved, population needs to be lowered. In the mind of Hander overpopulation control is not just as important to sustaining the earth, but more important. 13] Common Ground: While all views on this topic understand that both arguments have importance, they each seem to find their own views of higher importance. But while they lack this ability to agree on who causes the most problems, they both take responsibility for the effects that they have on humanity and everything that is concerned. In order to make it easier, breaking up the effects of these two issues is essential. The effects on culture and the environment are the same, regardless of the cause, and will be covered thoroughly. To start, the most obvious effect of these two issues is displayed in the environment. As the population continues to grow, and consumption in 3rd world countries rises, we will eventually run out of room and supplies to sustain the general population. While this is a long-term affect that is unlikely to ever have a solution, there are short-term affects that inhibit our ability as unmans to enjoy living on this beautiful earth. As discussed in the introduction, deforestation and the decreasing numbers in fish, whales, and coral are examples of extreme effects on the environment. According to Amy Hardwood in the article Overpopulation and Extinction we are currently in Earths sixth mass extinction. In her article she estimates that 30,000 species are going extinct every year. Hardwood effectively shows a direct relationship between population increase, and extinction rate. She observes that this is the first of the 6 mass extinctions on earth to be caused by one species, and to planetary or galactic processes. With obvious examples displayed before us everyday, it would be ignorant to not acknowledge the detrimental effects that overpopulation and consumption are having on the environment. 7] Interestingly, overcompensation and overpopulation affect the way we live and have far reaching cultural effects. Because we see the harm that we are causing, we find it essential to do something in order to prevent this. This may be using less energy, recycling, buying less materialistic items, etc. A much deeper effects can be related directly to these issues. In an ar ticle Ritter by Knap Shah called Creating the Consumer, Shah expands the idea that consumption in America hasnt always been so abundant. To support this claim, the author highlights the mindset of Americans as early settlers or Europeans. He describes how living conservatively used to be the norm, and only the wealthy were able to live lavishly and spend excess amounts on comfort. This mindset was maintained by religion and social pressure because spending lavishly was frowned upon and considered wasteful. [2] In a Survey conducted by Hander, only 21 percent said they would be willing o do without a car and only 13 percent would forgo their Quarter-bounders with cheese. 13] then read, Overcompensation wont Save America by David Scrota. The description of an American that Scrota gave was that of a selfish and ignorant person. He describes the American mindset with the phrase shop till you drop, and mentions that it is a vital flaw in most Americans. The most recent holiday binge exemplified the impending crisis. Despite persistent unemployment, flat wages and higher prices for necessities (food, healthcare, etc. ), Ame rica nonetheless went on its usual post-Thanksgiving buying spree. This frustrated me, while at the same time motivating me to find a way to learn from his words. [1 0] When considering possible solutions, it is important to take all sides into account. While this may not seem possible due to the vast differences in opinions, it may be feasible. With this in mind it is key to look past the arguments posed by each side, and use the middle ground to find a solution. The question that needs an answer isnt which poses a greater threat to the world, the people who live here, and the people who will live here. But, it is how humans can work together to formulate a method to slow the institution of this earths resources and space. In order for this to be accomplished, it is key that both sides understand the importance of the opposing view. By reading through many articles and papers written from both point of views, it should be easier to formulate a plan. As they both have proven to be threats to the world, so too should the solution incorporate both problems. Overcompensation is the short-term problem of the two, and as such this problem should be solved first. There is no easy way to prevent higher output countries like America from consuming more than their fair share. But cause these places with higher consumption are shown to have a higher gap, we can infer that they also have a higher standard of education. While this is not true in all circumstances, it is true for America, and we definitely are to blame for consuming way over the average. With world population at 6 billion and rising, the richest 20% of humanity consumes 86% of all goods and services used, while the poorest fifth consumes just 1. 3%. [4] With this in mind, preventing overcompensation will have to Start in these higher educated, yet over consuming countries. The idea is to appeal to the nations tit higher education. With proof that material objects dont create happiness, it is important to show that the lower consuming, and lower standards of living may be a more appealing lifestyle. First, we need to recognize that there are more effective and satisfying ways to achi eve fulfillment than by simply buying more stuff. [9] In this article, Toward a Solution author Vicki Robin shows the relationship between the need for money, and unhappiness. She captivates the reader by showing that it is time spent doing what we love with people we love that makes us happy, and not mime spent earning money to buy more and more goods adjust cause stress and complications. Robin proves her point by stating, m{et surveys have shown that our happiness peaked in 1957, when families had smaller houses, 1 car (at most), 1 bathroom and 1 television (black white)and Vicars, personal computers and cordless phones didnt exist. Here lies the solution. This county was brought into debt and want for material needs through social pressure and advertising. By eliminating the idea that money buys happiness, and having more things will satisfy our wants, we should be able o reduce our consumption to reasonable levels. In order to do this the country will have to work as a whole. Children of this generation, while being spoiled and materialistic, seem to have seen the effects that this material wants have had on their parents and their lifestyles. People are saving more, learning to stay out of debt and manage their money more wisely. This is just the start but with a push, a lower and a more realistic standard of living may bloom. When it comes to overpopulation, there is no easy answer to this beast of a problem. Humans reproducing at an exponential rate will eventually use up ND destroy earth, as we know it. This is inevitable. But small changes to our culture and cultures around the world may slow this growth, and increase our time and happiness here. In my opinion the solution to this is simple. It doesnt include limiting the number of children couples can have, or killing those who dont deserve the space they are taking up. In my mind the solution to this is to enjoy our time while we can. This plays largely into the solution given for overcompensation.